Grade 9 Ecology Practice Exam

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• Invasive species are problematic for native ecosystems because they outcompete natives for resources, disrupt food webs, and reduce biodiversity; zebra mussel in North American freshwater systems is a common example.
• An autotroph is described as which of the following?
• What is carrying capacity in an ecosystem?
• What is the approximate energy transfer efficiency between trophic levels in a typical ecological pyramid?
• Approximately what percentage of energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next?
• Primary producers obtain energy from which sources?
• Which statement correctly describes mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism?
• Which statement best defines an ecosystem?
• Which of the following is an abiotic component of an ecosystem?
• Which biogeochemical cycle has no gaseous phase and moves through rocks, water, and living organisms?
• Which statement defines a limiting factor?
• Which statement defines the atmosphere?
• Which statement about the pyramid of energy is true?
• Propose a simple ecosystem management plan for a degraded pond to restore biodiversity and water quality.
• Equilibrium in an ecological context is best described as which of the following?
• Which description best fits the hydrosphere?
• What is a major consequence of nutrient enrichment in water bodies?
• Secondary consumers are best described as which of the following?
• What percent of Earth's water is salty?
• Which category is designed to target specific pests?
• What do Ecological Pyramids represent?
• Which process in the nitrogen cycle converts nitrogen gas into usable forms like ammonia or nitrate?
• Who are Primary Producers?
• A species that is close to extinction in all parts of its range is classified as?
• A species that no longer exists in one part of a country but is found in others is called?
• Decomposers are best described as which of the following?
• How do bacteria drive decomposition and nutrient cycling, and why are decomposers essential to ecosystems?
• Which statement correctly describes primary producers?
• Which term describes a species that is no longer found anywhere in the world?
• Which sphere contains the air we breathe?
• Which term best describes organisms that capture energy from the sun to make food?
• Terrestrial ecosystems require which abiotic factors to survive?
• Which statement defines an ecological niche?
• Which example describes commensalism?
• Which pesticide category would harm a wide range of living organisms?
• Which statement about biodiversity and ecosystem productivity is accurate?
• Which organism is typically a producer?
• What is a keystone species?
• How do a food chain and a food web differ?
• Which of the following is an abiotic factor?
• What does the Pyramid of Energy illustrate?
• Which example correctly demonstrates mutualism?
• Why is biodiversity important to ecosystem resilience and productivity?
• Which statement about ecosystem services categories is least accurate?
• Which term refers to a species that is close to extinction in all parts of Canada or in a significantly large area?
• Which of the following are biotic factors?
• Which term describes the function a species serves in its ecosystem?
• Which statement best describes an artificial ecosystem?
• Tertiary consumers are best described as which of the following?
• A heterotroph is best described as which of the following?
• Which of the following is an example of a behavioral adaptation?
• What is the typical percent transferred from one trophic level to the next?
• Grassland biomes occur when:
• Which statement about photosynthesis and the carbon cycle is true?
• Which of the following is a factor that can cause a population to crash?
• In order of MOST harmful, which choice lists the top three pesticides?
• In a trophic system, which statement best describes energy transfer between levels?
• What is a food chain?
• Terrestrial biomes are areas of land that:
• Which statement correctly distinguishes primary and secondary succession?
• Most food chains have no more than how many links?
• Which term describes water soaking into soil and becoming groundwater?
• Which process is not part of the water cycle?
• Detritivores are best described as which of the following?
• Which factors can cause carrying capacity to increase for a species in an ecosystem?
• Which term best describes a species likely to become endangered if factors are not reversed?
• Heat is lost in the trophic level when animals do which of the following?
• Which trophic level directly eats secondary consumers?
• What role do soil microbes play in nitrate availability?
• Which statement best describes how predator-prey relationships influence population cycles in an ecosystem?
• Which statement differentiates freshwater and marine ecosystems in terms of salinity, typical osmoregulatory adaptations, and a habitat example for each?
• Which is an example of coevolution in ecological relationships?
• Which statement about detritivores and decomposers is most accurate?
• Which of the following are key abiotic features of aquatic ecosystems?
• Which statement correctly describes the difference between an energy pyramid and a biomass pyramid?
• Which term means a species no longer exists in one part of Canada but can be found in others?
• What is an ecological niche? How do fundamental and realized niches differ?
• How does climate change affect ecosystems?
• Which statement about seed dispersal is true?
• Which statement best distinguishes gross primary productivity (GPP) from net primary productivity (NPP)?
• In grassland ecosystems, fire plays a role by:
• Primary consumers are best described as which of the following?
• Which processes are involved in the natural water cycle?
• What is a consequence of fertilizer use and waste inputs on soils and waterways?
• Which statement describes the nitrogen cycle?
• Canada has four major biomes: tundra, boreal forest, grassland and temperate deciduous forest. Which set of biomes is listed as Canada's major biomes?
• Biotic factors such as competition for food, light, space and mates can affect an organism's survival. This is an example of which biotic interaction?
• A species that is no longer found in any part of the world is called?
• Which equation represents the combustion of carbon compounds?
• Bioaccumulation of pesticides most severely affects which level in a food chain?
• Which is an example of mutualism?
• Which process uses energy to convert glucose and oxygen into carbon dioxide and water?
• What is a food web?
• Non-Selective Pesticides are described as which of the following?
• Abiotic features such as ___, ___, ___ can affect an organism's ability to survive.
• Which of the following best describes a factor affecting population size when considering food availability?
• Which of the following is an example of parasitism?
• Why is Death necessary in Nature?
• Which organism is most affected by pesticides due to bioaccumulation?
• Boreal Forest Biomes are:
• What is a scavenger?
• Which statement best describes a natural ecosystem?
• Which term refers to an ecosystem's ability to support life and maintain resources for future generations?
• Which equation represents photosynthesis?
• Which is a conservation strategy used to protect ecosystems and biodiversity?
• What is a habitat corridor and why is it important for conservation?
• In tundra biomes, large animals often:
• Why is a complex food web thought to be more stable?
• Which biome has conifer needles as an adaptation to cold winters?
• Which statement is NOT listed among the top three most harmful pesticides?
• Which statement describes the carbon cycle?
• Which of the following is a population in a lake ecosystem?
• Which statement differentiates species richness from species evenness?
• A species that is likely to become endangered if factors that make it vulnerable are not reversed is called?
• What happens to a population's growth as it approaches carrying capacity?
• Which term describes an organism that feeds on the remains of dead organisms?
• What best describes logistic growth in a population?
• Edge effects can influence species diversity at habitat boundaries in which way?
• Which factor would most likely reduce genetic diversity in isolated patches?
• Which statement is an example of a predator-prey relationship?
• How is energy transferred between trophic levels in ecosystems?
• Which term describes an animal that eats plants?
• What term describes an animal that eats both plants and animals?
• In a food chain, what term describes the organism at the end that preys on all others?
• Greater biodiversity tends to result in which of the following about ecosystem stability?
• Which of the following statements about energy flow through ecosystems is true?
• Which of the following is NOT an abiotic element?
• What best defines an ecosystem?
• How do pesticides travel through the environment?
• Which biome is characterized by high rainfall and biodiversity, with an adaptation such as tall trees with large root systems?
• Which statement describes a herbivore?
• A species that is at risk because of low or declining numbers at the fringe of its range is called?
• Which resource is renewable if managed sustainably?
• How can climate change influence species interactions?
• Explain energy transfer losses and apex predator energy.
• Which sphere contains living things?
• What defines a population in ecological terms?
• Quaternary consumers are best described as which of the following?
• Tolerance range is defined as
• Which sphere contains all the water on Earth?
• Which of the following is an example of a provisioning ecosystem service?
• What are ecological consequences of deforestation?
• More energy and nutrients lead to greater biodiversity and population. Which of the following statements best reflects this idea?
• Selective Pesticides are described as which of the following?
• What is edge effect, and how does it influence species diversity at habitat boundaries?
• Which factors can affect population size?
• Which is an example of commensalism?
• Which process moves water from plants into the atmosphere, contributing to the water cycle?
• Which description correctly characterizes the phases of logistic growth and the meaning of carrying capacity?
• Which of the following is an example of a biotic element?
• Which statement correctly defines a carbon sink in the context of ecosystems?
• Which process releases energy by breaking down glucose in the presence of oxygen?
• Which statement about photosynthesis is correct?
• What is eutrophication and how does it affect freshwater ecosystems?
• What term describes an animal that eats other animals?
• What is an ecological footprint and how can individuals reduce theirs?
• Which step in the nitrogen cycle produces nitrate (NO3-) through oxidation of ammonia?
• Which organisms are primary consumers?
• What is a consequence of habitat fragmentation for species movement and gene flow?
• Which statement best describes the typical energy flow in an ecosystem?
• What is sustainability?
• Which sequence correctly pairs a trophic role with an example?
• Which organisms are typical pioneer species during primary succession on bare rock?
• What is the role of pollination in plant reproduction?
• Which statement best describes the biosphere?
• Which statement defines mutualism?
• In an ecosystem energy pyramid, if producers contain 50,000 kJ and 10% is transferred to the first consumer level with another 10% transferred to the second, how much energy is available to primary and secondary consumers?
• A limiting factor is
• Which statement best describes a heterotroph?
• What do the arrows in a food chain indicate?
• What happens to energy when an organism dies?
• Which description best fits the lithosphere?
• Which conservation strategy helps connect fragmented habitats?
• What does biodiversity refer to?
• What adaptation helps conifer trees survive winter in boreal forests?
• Which of the following is a biotic element?
• Which statement is true about autotrophs in ecosystems?
• What is a community in ecology?
• In the carbon cycle, which statement best describes the interaction of photosynthesis and respiration?
• Which of the following illustrates mutualism?
• Which statement best describes a secondary consumer?
• Which statement best describes a primary producer?
• Which of the following statements correctly distinguishes carbon sinks from carbon sources?
• How can deforestation affect soil erosion and the water cycle?
• British Columbia biomes are noted for:
• Which of the following are abiotic factors?
• Which statement defines the carbon cycle?
• Which mechanism helps maintain biodiversity by spreading seeds to suitable habitats?
• Which statement best describes a food web?
• What is the role of cellular respiration in energy transfer in ecosystems?
• Which biome is the largest in Canada?
• Tundra biomes are:
• What is biomagnification and why is it a concern for ecosystems and humans?
• Deciduous Biomes are:
• Which term refers to the variety of living species found in an ecosystem?